微軟模擬飛行2020空中客車A320Neo通用飛行教程

垂直模式和自動(dòng)推力之間的相互作用

If you select a vertical mode like CLB or OP CLB by pushing or pulling the altitude knob the auto-thrust system will increase the engine thrust to climb thrust (THR CLB) and maintain that. The autopilot will then pitch up to keep the speed target. This means the autopilot is controlling the speed with the climb angle now and the engines are just producing the maximum climb thrust.

When you reach the target altitude the autopilot will capture the altitude (ALT*) and then maintain it (ALT). When this happens the auto-thrust switches back to SPEED mode and change the engine thrust to maintain the speed target again. Now the auto-thrust controls the speed again and the autopilot maintains the altitude.

A similar thing happens during the descent. If you have DES or OP DES engaged the auto thrust will retard the thrust to idle (THR IDLE) and the autopilot pitches down to keep the airspeed target. So again the autopilot is controlling the speed and the auto-thrust is just keeping a fixed thrust value, in this case idle. Once the aircraft has descended to the target altitude the auto-thrust controls the speed again and the autopilot switches to altitude hold.

Note - This works pretty well if you have the autopilot and auto-thrust engaged. If you control either of them manually you have to be careful because you as a pilot then need to make sure that the airspeed is kept within limits. Imaging the engines going to full throttle but you don't pull up to keep the airspeed. Or the engines go to idle and stay there but you don't pitch the nose down. This can get out of hand quickly. This is why most airlines require the pilots to either use both: AP and A/THR or neither. Or at least make sure that for landing the auto-thrust is indeed controlling speed and no longer keeping idle thrust.

如果通過(guò)推動(dòng)或拉動(dòng)高度旋鈕來(lái)選擇垂直模式(如CLB或OP CLB)，則自動(dòng)推力系統(tǒng)將增加發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)推力 至 爬升推力(THR CLB)并保持不變。然后，自動(dòng)駕駛儀將加速以保持目標(biāo)速度。這意味著自動(dòng)駕駛儀現(xiàn)在通過(guò)爬升角來(lái)控制速度，而發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)僅產(chǎn)生最大的爬升推力。

當(dāng)您達(dá)到目標(biāo)高度時(shí)，自動(dòng)駕駛儀將捕獲高度(ALT *)，然后保持高度(ALT)。發(fā)生這種情況時(shí)，自動(dòng)推力將切換回SPEED模式，并更改發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)推力以再次保持速度目標(biāo)?，F(xiàn)在，自動(dòng)推力再次控制速度，自動(dòng)駕駛儀保持高度。

在下降期間也會(huì)發(fā)生類似的情況。如果您使用了DES或OP DES，則自動(dòng)推力將使推力延遲至怠速狀態(tài)(THR IDLE)，并且自動(dòng)駕駛儀的俯仰角將降低以保持空速目標(biāo)。因此，自動(dòng)駕駛儀仍在控制速度，自動(dòng)推力僅保持固定的推力值，在這種情況下為空轉(zhuǎn)。飛機(jī)下降到目標(biāo)高度后，自動(dòng)推力將再次控制速度，自動(dòng)駕駛儀將切換到高度保持狀態(tài)。

注意 -如果您啟用了自動(dòng)駕駛儀和自動(dòng)推力，這將非常有效。如果您手動(dòng)控制它們之一，則必須小心，因?yàn)樽鳛轱w行員，您需要確?？账俦３衷谙拗品秶鷥?nèi)。想像一下發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)將要全開(kāi)油門，但是您不會(huì)拉高以保持空速。否則，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入怠速狀態(tài)并停留在那里，但是您不會(huì)降低機(jī)鼻。這會(huì)很快失控。這就是為什么大多數(shù)航空公司要求飛行員同時(shí)使用：AP和A / THR或兩者都不使用的原因。或至少要確保降落時(shí)自動(dòng)推力確實(shí)在控制速度，而不再保持空轉(zhuǎn)推力。